General Claims and Their Contradictions

In chapter 8 of the Epstein text, the topic being discussed was general claims and their contradictories. A contradiction is defined as a “claim that has the opposite truth-value” (Epstein, p. 161). Buzz words to identify claims with contradictions are words like “all” and “some”, which are present in everyday conversation. These words and others alike, make invalid and bad arguments sound plausible by using ambiguous wording. Other words like “no” and “only”, which are also buzz words, are the easiest words to make claims contradict themselves. For example:
Only black women have several children by many different men.
I am a black woman.
So I must have a tribe of children by a football team of men.
This is clearly not the case and using the word “only” coincides with the word “all” by assuming that because I am a black woman that I fall into that category as well.